The Horse Heaven Hills American Viticultural Area (AVA) is a treasure within Washington State’s expansive wine landscape, nestled in the larger Columbia Valley AVA. This region, known for its distinctive terroir and the exceptional quality of its wines, boasts a rich history, diverse grape varieties, and unique climatic conditions that contribute to the production of world-class wines.
The Horse Heaven Hills AVA, officially recognized in 2005, has roots that trace back to the pioneering efforts of Walter Clore, a Washington State University researcher. Clore planted some of Washington’s oldest Cabernet Sauvignon vines in 1972, recognizing the area’s vast viticultural potential. Today, Horse Heaven Hills is a vital component of Washington’s wine industry, contributing about 20 percent of the state’s vineyard acreage. The region is distinguished not only by its historical significance but also by its focus on quality, as evidenced by several high-profile wineries sourcing grapes from its vineyards.
Situated south of the eponymous Horse Heaven Hills, the AVA spans approximately 570,000 acres, with elevations ranging from 300 to 1,800 feet above sea level. The Columbia River delineates its southern and eastern boundaries, providing both a picturesque setting and a moderating influence on the climate. The area’s unique location, combined with its elevation range, contributes to the distinct characteristics of the wines produced here.
The AVA’s terroir is marked by ancient soils of basalt, overlaid with sandy loam deposited by ancient floods and shaped by the region’s strong winds. This combination results in well-draining soils that encourage vines to develop deep root systems, a key factor in the quality of the grapes produced. The climate is arid, with annual rainfall averaging just nine inches, necessitating irrigation. However, the strong winds and proximity to the Columbia River play crucial roles in viticulture, helping to regulate vine stress and temper extremes in temperature.
Horse Heaven Hills is home to a diverse array of grape varieties, with approximately 75 percent of its plantings dedicated to red wine grapes. Leading the pack are Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet Franc, and Malbec. White grape varieties also thrive, including Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, and Chenin Blanc, making up about 3,750 acres of vineyard space. This diversity allows the region to produce a wide range of wine styles, each reflecting the unique attributes of its terroir.
Wines from Horse Heaven Hills are renowned for their depth, complexity, and balance. The reds, particularly those made from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, are celebrated for their rich fruit flavors, structured tannins, and long finishes. Syrah from this region is noted for its spicy notes and silky texture. The white wines, such as Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc, are appreciated for their crisp acidity, mineral undertones, and vibrant fruit flavors. Overall, the wines embody the distinctive character of the region, showcasing the influence of the soil, climate, and winemaking expertise.
In conclusion, Horse Heaven Hills stands as a testament to the quality and diversity of Washington State’s wine regions. Its unique combination of historical significance, strategic location, diverse grape varieties, and the resulting exceptional wines position it as a must-explore destination for wine enthusiasts and professionals alike. Whether it’s a robust Cabernet Sauvignon, a spicy Syrah, or a crisp Chardonnay, Horse Heaven Hills continues to contribute significantly to the prestige and success of Washington’s wine industry.
