Bolgheri, an esteemed Italian appellation located in the Maremma on the Tuscan coast just south of Livorno, has a fascinating history that has propelled it to prominence in the wine world. The region’s reputation for winemaking was rather modest until the pivotal moment in 1978 when a little-known wine called Sassicaia, crafted at the Tenuta San Guido estate by Marchese Mario Incisa della Rocchetta, triumphed in a blind tasting, outshining some of Bordeaux’s finest wines. This remarkable achievement, achieved with the help of legendary winemaking consultant Giacomo Tachis, sparked a newfound interest in Bolgheri.
The Bolgheri winemaking zone is based on the commune of Bolgheri e Castagneto Carducci, with the Tyrrhenian Sea gently caressing its sloping coastal vineyards. The name “Sassicaia” refers to the gravel banks reminiscent of the Graves and Haut-Médoc in Bordeaux, which inspired the planting of Bordeaux grape varieties, particularly Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc, instead of the traditional Sangiovese. Lodovico Antinori followed suit and planted Merlot on his neighboring Ornellaia estate, leading to the creation of the renowned Masseto property.
The region’s climate and soil have attracted further vineyard expansion, with a primary focus on cultivating red Bordeaux varieties. In 1994, Bolgheri obtained its DOC status, and today, wines classified under Bolgheri Rosso, Rosso Superiore, or Rosé are produced primarily from Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, or blends of these, sometimes incorporating up to 50 percent of Syrah or Sangiovese. Petit Verdot and other red grapes may account for up to 30 percent, while non-conforming blends are classified as IGTs.
The famous Sassicaia DOC, established in 2013, covers a subzone located just south of Bolgheri town and is expected to become a DOCG in the future. This special designation reflects the typical composition of Sassicaia wines, typically consisting of 85 percent Cabernet Sauvignon and 15 percent Cabernet Franc.
Bolgheri wine region is not limited to red wines alone; it also produces delightful white wines under the Bolgheri Bianco appellation. These wines often feature Vermentino as the primary grape, comprising up to 70 percent of the blend. Sauvignon Blanc and Trebbiano Toscano may contribute up to 40 percent, with other varieties not exceeding 30 percent. While many white wines from the region are known for their light, crisp, and refreshing character, some examples showcase the complexity achieved through barrel maturation.
